<text>Field Marks: 9.25 in. A boldly patterned, sociable woodpecker of open woodlands and areas with scattered trees. Especially common where there are oaks and hickories; stores nuts in crevices in bark. Often seen perched conspiciously on tips of dead branches. Adults have whole head red; back, tail, and most of wings black; rump, wing patch and underparts white. Immature has black and red areas of adult replaced with brown, and two dark bars across white wing patch. Calls a loud, rattling "kweer" and various chattering notes.Range: Breeds from s. Alberta, s. Ontario, and Quebec south to ne. New Mexico, Texas, Gulf Coast, and Florida. Winters north to Kansas and New Jersey.</text>
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card_13695.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5 in. The yellowest of warblers and a familiar inhabitant of parks, residential areas, and thickets, usually near water. Especially fond of streamside willows. Found almost throughout North America, with several different geographical races varying from deep gold (in the Florida Keys) to a very pale form in the Southwest. Adults of both sexes predominantly yellow throughout; olive-yellow wings and tail, marked by yellow wing bars and tail spots. Males brighter than females, with rust-colored streaks on breast. Streaks faint or absent in females and immature males. Immature females much duller than adult, in some areas nearly pale gray. High-pitched, patterned song begins with three similar notes followed by a more varied phrase: "sweet-sweet-sweet-sue-so-sweet."Range: Breeds from Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to s. California, n. Oklahoma, and n. Georgia; also in Florida Keys. Winters from Mexico to South America; occasionally in s. Florida, rarely in s. Arizona.</text>
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card_12730.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5 in. A common warbler found in stands of spruce and fir in the boreal forest; also inhabits mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. Forages actively, high in the center of tree canopy, making it hard to observe. Often fans tail. Breeding males blackish above with white eyebrow, black mask, white wing patch, yellow rump, and large white tail patches; throat and underparts yellow, breast and sides streaked with black. Females duller, less black below and with less white in wing. Winter adults and immatures grayish-olive above; underparts yellow, with faint side streaks and narrow, pale gray breast band. Song a short, rising, hurried "wee-o wee-o wee-chy;" call note a flat "tlep."Range: Breeds across Canada, South to Great Lakes region, New England, and locally in mountains to Pennsylvania and Virginia. Winters in Central America.</text>
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card_12214.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 4.75 in. A small, ground-nesting summer redident of burnt-over areas, second-growth woods, and thickets in boreal forests; often in groves of aspen or birch. Forages high in trees and sings frequently. Adults of both sexes have prominent white eye-ring, gray crown and sides of head, olive upperparts, and yellow throat and underparts. Breeding males brighter than females. Eastern birds tend to be more yellow below; western birds less so, with white belly. Song a high-pitched, trilled pattern of single or double notes, sometimes ascending the scale.Range: Breeds from s. British Columbia across s. Canada to Nova Scotia, south to central California, n. Utah, Great Lakes region, and n. West Virginia. Winters from California, s. Texas, and s. Florida south to Central America.</text>
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card_11741.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 4.5 in. A tiny warbler of the canopy in coniferous forests and mixed woods; usually found near water. Breeds in wide range of habitats. Particularly characteristic of southeastern cypress swamps and boreal spruce forests, both of which provide mossy nesting materials (lichen in the North, Spanish moss in the South). Males blue-gray above with white wing bars and broken eye-ring; green patch in middle of back; yellow on throat and breast, with double breast band of black and rusty orange; rest of underparts white. Females, immatures similar but somewhat duller, without breast bands. Song a distinctive, buzzy trill, rising in pitch and ending in a sharp note: "zeee-e-e-e-e-e-e-ip."Range: Breeds from se. Manitoba to Nova Scotia, south locally to central Texas, Gulf Coast, and central Florida; occasionally farther west. Winters in s. Florida and rarely along Gulf Coast; also in Mexico and Central America.</text>
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card_10385.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 4.75 in. A locally uncommon warbler of open second growth, woodland edges, and brushy pastures; declining in some areas, apparantly due to competition with Blue-winged Warbler. Actively forages high and low in trees; sings persistently at height of breeding season. Adult males have yellow crown, gray upperparts, and yellow wing patches; underparts white, with black throat and ear patch; white spots in tail. Females and immatures have gray throat and ear patch. Song typically a buzzy, insectlike "beee bz bz bz";sometimes sings song of Blue-Winged Warbler.Range: Breeds from central Minnesota through Great Lakes region to s. New England, south in Appalachians to n. Georgia. Winters in tropics. </text>
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card_3515.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 5.5 in. A widespread but local swallow of open country. Less elongated than most swallows, with a squarish tail. Favors bridges, dams, cliffs, farms and outbuildings, where it plasters its unique, gourdlike mud nests in small colonies. Glides, soars, and circles more than other swallows. Adults have conspicuous buff rump; forehead ranges from light buff to chestnut; throat chestnut; underparts pale; upperparts dark brown with some bluish-black on back. Call note a somewhat grating "chwew" or "churr." Song a series of harsh notes or squeaks.Range: Breeds from central Alaska across Canada to Nova Scotia and south throughout central and ne. United States to Mexico and Texas; absent from Gulf region and southeastern states. Winters in South America.</text>
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card_22602.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 7 in. One of the most variable North American songbirds, and one our largest sparrows. Typically found in dense cover in thickets, forest edges, and second growth. Adults rust-brown above, brightest on rump and tail, with gray eyebrow, collar, and back streaks; whitish below with small rusty "arrowheads" forming heavy streaks and breast spot. Immatures resemble adults. Song reminiscent of Song Sparrow's, but richer and less buzzy; usually begins with sweet warbled notes, ends with a trill or burry phrase.Range: Breeds from n. Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to s. California, Nevada, and Colorado. Winters from s. British Columbia south to s. California, and from s. Kansas east to New Jersey and south to Gulf Coast. </text>
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card_13057.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 6.25 in. One of most familiar and widespread North American songbirds. Highly variable, primarily in West. Habitats vary from weedy fields and brushy areas to open woods, backyards and gardens, desert scrub, and salt marshes. Has distinctive habit of pumping long, rounded tail in flight. Adults brown above with dark streaks on back and gray streak on crown; tail dark, with rusty tinge; face with broad gray eyebrow and dark mustache; throat white; underparts whitish with brown streaks and dark central breast spot. Juvenile buffier below, more finely streaked, often without central breast spot; resembles adult by first winter. Song variable; usually three to four clear introductory notes followed by a musical trill, dropping in pitch. Call note a loud "chimp."Range: Breeds from s. Alaska east to w. Newfoundland and south to New Mexico, ne. Kansas, n. Arkansas, and n. Georgia. Winters from s. Alaska through most of U.S. and n. Mexico.</text>
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card_2955.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 6.75 in. A large sparrow with erect posture, common in boreal forests and edges, thickets, and bogs; in migration and winter also occurs in deciduous woods, brushy areas, and gardens. Usually feeds on ground, primarily on seeds. Often flocks in winter. Adults primarily brown above, with streaked back and two white wing bars; crown striped with black and white or brown and tan; lores usually yellow; throat distinctly white; cheeks and breast gray; belly whitish; bill dark. Immatures usually have crown streaked with brown and tan (sometimes white); duller throat; may lack yellow lores; breast may be finely streaked. Song usually of two clear whistles followed by three triplet whistles; often rendered as "Old Sam Peabody Peabody Peabody" or "Oh Sweet Canada Canada Canada"; easily imitated.Range: Breeds from s. Yukon east to Newfoundland and south to central Michigan, n. Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. Winters from n. California to s. New Mexico: and e. Kansas to Massachusetts, south to central Texas and central Florida.</text>
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card_9189.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 7 in. A large distinctive sparrow, widespread in woodland edges, thickets, brushy open country, and roadsides; often around houses. Usually feeds on ground, primarily on seeds. Frequently seen in flocks in winter. Adults have striking black-and-white-striped crown; brownish, streaked back and wings, latter with with two white wing bars; face, nape, and breast gray; whitish chin and belly; pale bill (varies from yellow to pink). Immatures similar but with brown and buff head stripes. Song, suggestive of White-throated Sparrow's, varies geographically; usually a few introductory notes followed by a simple trill.Range: Breeds from n. Alaska east to Labrador and south to south-central California and n. New Mexico. Winters along Pacific Coast from s. Alaska to Mexico and across s. United States to Maryland.</text>
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card_22981.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 8.5 in. A furtive, medium-sized woodpecker of deciduous and mixed forests, orchards and residential areas. Drills rows of small holes in bark, then feeds on sap and insects attracted to it. Mottled pattern makes resting bird difficult to see. Adults have red crown, black and white stripes on face, and barred back; patch of white in wing and white rump are conspicuous in flight; underparts pale yellow with black crescent on breast. Male has red throat, female has white throat. Immature has brownish head and back. Call a whining "churrr" or "skeeer."Range: Breeds from Alaska, Ontario, and Newfoundland south to ne. British Columbia, e. North Dakota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut. Winters from Missouri, Ohio Valley, and New Jersey south to Gulf Coast and Florida. </text>
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card_5208.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 33 in. A large, introduced game bird, widespread in grassy and brushy areas and woodland edges. Usually seen walking on ground, where it feeds primarily on grains, seeds and berries. When flushed, flies up with a loud whir of wings. Sociable; single males often accompanied by several females. Males unmistakable, with long, pointed tail; dark, glossy head with bare red facial patches; iridescent, multicolored body appears reddish-brown from a distance; usually has a partial white neck ring. Females smaller and duller; primarily buff, mottled with brown and black; tail long and pointed but shorter than male's. Both sexes have chickenlike bill; short, rounded wings. Immatures resemble adult females. Explosive, hoarse "caaw-cak", lasting about one second.Range: Resident in agricultural lands from Alberta, Washington, and n. California to New England. Local elsewhere.</text>
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card_21311.xml
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<text>Pelecanus ErythrorhynchosAmerican White Pelican</text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 62 in. A huge white bird of coastal regions and freshwater marshes. Like the related Brown Pelican, alternately soars and flaps in flight, with flock members flapping in "follow-the-leader" sequence. Flies with head folded back on neck. While swimming, scoops up fishes by submerging head and neck; does not plunge-dive. Breeding adults very large, mainly white, with black wing tips, yellow feet, and unfeathered yellow throat pouch; yellow bill has raised plate midway along upper mandible. Nonbreeding adults similar; bill slightly duller, without plate. Immatures duskier with gray bill.Range: Breeds locally from central British Columbia, n. Alberta, and Minnesota south to n. California, Colorado, and Texas Gulf Coast. Winters from s. California and along Gulf Coast from Florida and Texas southward.</text>
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card_10831.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 22 in. Large and powerful; widely distributed across North America. Habitats vary from woodlands to open country, urban parks to semi-deserts. Combination of large size, prominent ear tufts set far apart, bright yellow eyes, and white throat distinctive. Primarily nocturnal. Can take prey as large as a porcupine. Plummage varies from very dark, in birds of the Pacific Northwest, to very pale in the Arctic. Typical adults mottled gray-brown above;buff below, barred dark brown; ear tufts on head and white throat distinctive; face tawny. Immature similar to adult but more rufous; ear tufts smaller; white on throat less extensive. Low, hooting "who-who-whowhowho-whooo-whooo"; sometimes abbreviated to include only last three to four notes.Range: Resident from Alaska across Canada, south throughout United States to South America.</text>
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card_8048.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 21 in. A large owl without ear tufts; very vocal, with a familiar hoot. Found in wooded swamps of the North and South, as well as in other forested areas. Feeds mainly at night, taking crayfish, frogs, and small rodents. Range in West is expanding. Adults primarily gray and brown, with white bars and edgings above, underparts buff with black vertical streaks; face gray-brown; collar barred horizontally, contrasting with streaked breast. Eyes brown. Some individuals may be very pale. Typical call a nine-noted hoot: "Who-cooks-for-you, who-cooks-for-you-all?"Range: E. British Columbia and the northwestern states across s. Canada, south through e. United States to Gulf Coast. </text>
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card_6601.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 23in. Unmistakable. A large white owl of the Artic, with striking yellow eyes; resident in tundra and open country. Large, rounded head without ear tufts; heavy build. Active by day as well as night. Flight strong and direct; often glides low over ground. Nests in Far North, where it feeds on lemmings and other small rodents; in irruption years, when prey is scarce, invades southern Canada and United States. Adults nearly all-white or with scattered dark bars above and below; female with more barring than male. Immature resembles adult but more heavily barred and spotted.Range: Breeds in n. Alaska and n. Canada. Winters south to northernmost United States. Occasionally farther south in years of periodic irruptions.</text>
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card_19569.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 23 in. A large, fish-eating hawk, usually seen along seacoasts, lakes, and rivers. Widespread; fairly common along coasts, local inland. Easily identified in flight by white underparts; long wings with conspicuous bend at wrist; black wrist patches on underwing. Feeds almost exclusively on fish, hovering over water, then diving, talons-first. Like Bald Eagle, formerly much more common in lower 48 states; now recovering in some areas. Adult males brown above with shaggy, mostly white head; brown eye stripe; white underparts. Females very similar, with scattered dark feathers across upper breast; in flight,tail and flight feathers barred brown and white below, wing linings white with black wrist patches. Immature similar; edged buff above, slightly buffy below. Typically a series of sharp whistles, the last drawn-out.Range: Breeds from nw. Alaska across Canada south to Baja California and the Gulf Coast. Winters in s. United States and south to Argentina.</text>
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card_15911.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 9.5 in. A widespread and common nightjar found primarily in open and semi-open habitats, often in cities and towns. Active day and night; usually seen in evening when swooping overhead to catch insects. Wings long, pointed, with conspicuous white band; tail long; flight swift and fluttery. Often in large silent flocks on migration. Nests on ground or flat rooftops in cities. Adult male dark with gray, brown, and white mottling above; paler below with dark barring; throat white; white band across primaries conspicuous in flight; tail with white subterminal band. Adult female similar to male but browner; throat buff; tail without white band. Immatures similar to female, but throat may be mottled. A short, nasal "peent" or "pee-eent", given in flight; booming sound made by wings in male's territorial display flight.Range: Breeds across s. Canada south throughout United States. Winters in South America.</text>
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card_23931.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 9.5 in. Meadowlarks are common, short-tailed, long-billed birds of meadows and fields. Both species show a striking black V on yellow breast and conspicuous white outer tail feathers. Flight style characteristic; consists of series of rapid, stiff wingbeats broken by brief glides with wings held rigidly downward. Easily seen from roads, where it flushes before approaching cars, or singing from posts or fences, where it perches on stocky legs. Two species best separated by voice. All plumages have long, pointed bill. Adults have head striped with black and white, with no yellow; lores, throat, and underparts mostly bright yellow, with striking black V on breast; upperparts streaked and blotched with browns, buff, and white; tail short with obvious white outer feathers. Song has several clear, whistled, descending notes: "see-you, see-yeer" Diagnostic call a twangy, buzzy "dzert"; also gives buzzy rattle in flight.Range: Breeds from Minnesota east to central Maine and south to Arizona and Florida. Northern birds move south in winter. </text>
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</card>
card_14822.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 32 in. A large widespread water bird, generally seen paddling about on northern lakes during breeding season, and on bays, estuaries, and open ocean in winter. Well known for its loud laughing call, often given at night. An excellent swimmer and diver, but awkward ashore; must patter across water surface to take off. Breeding adults marked with bold contrasting pattern of black and white: head and neck smooth, velvety black, with black and white necklace; upperparts heavily checkered; underparts white. Bill black, long, daggerlike. Winter birds blackish above, white below, with pale bill. Immatures similar to winter birds. Call is a loud, yodeling laugh, heard on breeding grounds and during migration. Range: Breeds from n. Alaska and n. Canada south to Washington, Great Lakes region, New York, and New England. Winters along both coasts and on Great Lakes.</text>
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card_21959.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Field Marks: 23 in. A distinctive, easily recognized bird of prey with long, pointed wings and very long, forked tail. Inhabits wooded swamps of the Southeast and Gulf Coast; often seen near water. Takes flying insects on the wing, and captures other prey feetfirst, in Ospreylike fashion. Migrates in large flocks to wintering grounds in the tropics. Adults have white head, neck, breast, and belly; upperparts black; in flight, white wing linings contrast with black outer wing feathers; tail long, deeply forked. Immatures similar to adults, but show some streaking on underparts and head. Gives a high-pitched "pee-pee-pee" or "eee-eee-eee"; also whistles.Range: Breeds locally on Gulf Coast from Lousiana to Florida and north to South Carolina. May wander north to Great Lakes and New England. Winters south of United States.</text>
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card_2183.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 13 in. A large headed bird with bushy crest and spear-shaped bill; frequents streams, rivers, tidal inlets, shorelines, and lakes throughout North America south of the artic. Hovers over small fish, then plunge-dives headfirst into water. Often perches on exposed snags and pilings. Excavates nest burrow in steep banks. Flies with rapid, deep irregular wingbeats. Males gray-blue above, white below, with broad gray-blue breast band. Female has a second rust-colored band on upper belly. Call a loud, harsh, stacatto rattle.Range: Breeds from Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to central California and Gulf Coast. Winters on open water from se. Alaska east to Nova Scotia and south to South America.</text>
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card_8885.xml
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<text>Nycticorax NycticoraxBlack-crowned Night Heron</text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 25 in. A heavy-bodied heron with relatively short, thick legs and bill. Neck usually well hidden body contour. Roosts in groups in trees during day and usually forages at night, using large red eyes to see prey; sometimes feeds by day. Occurs in freshwater habitats, as well as mudflats and salt marshes. Flies with deep, steady wingbeats. Adults have glossy black crown and back; rest of upperparts, wings and tail medium gray, blending into whitish underparts; a few thin white plumes hang from the nape; white over base of robust, slightly downcurved black bill; rather short yellow legs and feet (red during courtship). Immature dark brown above, streaked with buff and white; heavily streaked brown on white below; legs and most of bill yellowish. Call a distinctive "quock", often heard at night.Range: Breeds throughout much of s. Canada and the United States. Winters along coasts from Oregon and Massachusetts south to South America. </text>
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card_5620.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Nycticorax ViolaceusYellow-crowned Night Heron</text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>2</id>
<text>Field Marks: 24 in. A grayish wading bird with a relatively short neck; found in all freshwater wetland habitats of the East, as well as in mudflats and tidal marshes. In flight, feet extend beyond tail. Chiefly nocturnal, but sometimes forages by day. Adults mainly gray, with black head, white cheek patches, and white crown; long white plumes on crown. Immatures brownish with white spots above and fine streaks below. In all plumages, bill is stout. Call a loud "kwawk" or "wawk".Range: Breds from Minnesota and Ohio south to Gulf Coast, and from New England to Florida. May wander north to Canada. Winters on Atlantic and Gulf coasts from North Carolina. </text>
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card_17613.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 21 in. A common, medium-sized hawk of open western lands. In flight, shows profile like that of Turkey Vulture, with wings frequently held in shallow V. Highly migratory; often seen in large flocks on spring and fall flights. Feeds mostly on crickets and grasshoppers. Plumage highly variable on both sexes. Typical light-phase adults brown above with reddish hood; mostly white chin, belly, and wing linings that contrast with darker flight feathers; tail indistinctly barred with dark band near tip. Typical dark phase adults all-brown with little contrast on underwing; tail as in light phase. Intermediate phases often show hood. Dark-phase immatures similar to adults; light-phase immatures dark brown above with variable white markings; buffy white below, often with partial dark hood or breast collar and spots on belly. A descending scream, "keeeer", trailing off at end.Range: Breeds from s. Alaska to Mexico, mainly in the West and on the Great Plains. May wander east to Great Lakes and Atlantic Coast. Winters in South America.</text>
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card_3936.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 22 in. Most common large buteo in North America, and one of most widespread. Habitat varies from open country to open woodland; rarely in dense forest. Large with typical buteo shape: wings broad and rounded, tail broad and fanned. Plummage highly variable. Often soars. Darkest birds found mostly is West, wholly dark brown, variably marked rusty with indistinctly banded or mottled reddish to whitish tail. Palest birds (Great Plains) pale brown above, nearly white below, with indistinctly marked, rust-tinged tail. Typical adults brown above and on head; white below with variable dark belly band; rusty tail; dark leading inner edge on underwing. Immature variable, difficult to identify; usually brown above, white below with heavy spots and streaks; tail gray-brown, indistinctly banded. A loud, harsh scream, "keeeyerr" trailing off and dropping at end.Range: Breeds from s. Alaska across Canada and south throughout United States. Winters from s. Canada south to Central America.</text>
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card_20258.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 16 in. A small, chunky hawk that nests primarily in eastern mixed forests; highly migratory. Well known for spring and fall flights, when thousands can be seen in a day along favored routes. Flight profile shows broad, almost pointed wings and short, fan-shaped tail. Takes a variety of small prey. Adults uniform brown above; white with rusty brown bars, densest on breast, below; tail dark with bold white bands and narrow light tip; in flight shows whitish underwing with dark outline. Immatures brown above with dark whisker mark; whitish below with dark streaks; underwing similar to adult's; tail less distinctly banded. Two-noted, high-pitched whistle; first note short, second long; sounds like a squeaky brake.Range: Breeds across s. Canada south to e. Texas and Florida. Winters in s. Florida, sparsely in California; also in Central and South America.</text>
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card_17298.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 8 in. A large, plump finch of coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests and second growth; in migration and winter also around residential areas. Unmistakable, with very large conical bill, short black tail, black wings with large white patches. Gregarious. Flocks wander irregularly in winter, depending on availability of food. Feeds heavily on buds and seeds of conifers and maples. Adult males have brown head with yellow forehead and eyebrow; yellow back, rump, and belly; wings black with large white patches; tail black; bill yellow. Adult females grayish with yellow wash; wings and tail black with white markings; bill greenish-yellow. Both sexes show duller bill color in winter. Immatures resemble adults by first winter. Song a short warble; more commonly heard call note a shrill "pe-teer."Range: Breeds from north-central British Columbia east to Nova Scotia, south to Great Lakes Region and n. New England, in mountains to central California. Winters throughout most of United States.</text>
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card_4505.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 12.5 in. A large, abundant blackbird of parks, gardens, and a variety of open habitats, including fields and marshes. Often seen walking across lawns on stocky legs with deliberate strides. Highly gregarious, noisy, and conspicuous, forming large flocks. All plumages large, with a relatively heavy, long bill and a long wedge-shaped tail. Adults are black, washed with a strong metallic sheen and a yellow eye. Juveniles are flat grayish-brown with dark eyes. Most common call a loud "clack"; also produces various loud squeaky notes like rusty hinges.Range: Breeds from ne. British Columbia to sw. Newfoundland and south to central Colorado, s. Texas, and Florida. Winters from s. Minnesota and s. New England south to e. Texas and Florida. </text>
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card_19036.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 6 in. A sparrow-sized finch, widespread and common in coniferous and mixed woods, second growth, parks, and suburbs. Often visits feeders in winter. Frequently in small flocks. Eats mostly seeds. Adult males mostly raspberry-red above, brightest on head and rump; wings and tail brown; face with brown ear patch; raspberry-red below on throat and breast;belly white; flanks inconspicuously streaked with brown; undertail coverts white. Adult females, immatures, and first year males brown above, whitish below with brown streaks; show dark ear patch, light eyebrow and cheek stripe. Adult females have white undertail coverts. Song a lively, rich warble of slurred notes; call include a soft "pik."Range: Breeds from British Columbia across Canada, south in the mountains to s. California, to north-central and ne. United States, and in the Appalachians to West Virginia. Winters from s. Canada south to Mexico and the Gulf Coast; absent from Rocky Mountains and Great Basin. </text>
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card_18345.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 6.5 in. A streaked bunting of grassy, weedy, brushy, and agricultural areas of the Midwest. Feeds on or near ground in vegitation, but is conspicuous on fences and tall brush, especially when singing. Generally gregarious. Breeding male has bright yellow eyestripe, mustache, and breast; V-shaped black bib on breast; head and rest of underparts mostly grayish; upperpart brown, streaked with black; rufous shoulder patch. Female similar but duller, lacking black bib. Winter male like breeding male but duller. Immature plain, with traces of adult face pattern; breast lightly streaked. Song two sharp notes followed by buzzy notes: "dick dick dickcissel." Call a short buzzy note, often heard at night during migration.Range: Breeds from e. Montana east to central Ohio and south to Texas and central Gulf Coast states. Winters from Mexico to South America.</text>
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card_20507.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 32 in. A widespread cormorant found in both freshwater and marine habitats, and the only cormorant usually seen in interior wetlands or other inland areas. Easily distinguished from other cormorants in flight by kinked neck. A very good swimmer and diver, it feeds chiefly on fish. Adults blackish with iridescent greenish or purplish gloss above; throat pouch yellow, bill black. Breeding birds have two inconspicuous tufts above eyes (darkest in eastern birds). Immatures brown above, paler below, with varying amounts of white on neck, breast, and belly, and some yellow on bill. Feet black on all plumages.Range: Breeds along Pacific Coast from Alaska south to Mexico; from Idaho, Nebraska, and Great Lakes region south to Utah, s. Texas, and Mississsippi Valley; along Atlantic Coast from Newfoundland to New York and Chesapeake Bay to Texas. Winters mainly along coast from Alaska to Mexico and from s. New England to Texas.</text>
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card_17938.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 5.5 in. Unmistakable male is one of the brightest North American birds but often stays concealed; greenish female easily told from closely related Indigo, Lazuli and Varied buntings. Nests in thickets, gardens, and open areas with scattered trees and shrubs; also found in light woods, open and shrubby habitats in migration and winter (mostly south of United States). Adult males brightest in spring and summer, have blue head, yellow-green back; wings and tail blackish; rump, eye-ring, and underparts red. Females dull green, paler greenish below with buff or yellowish cast. Immature males resemble females (sometimes with hint of adult pattern) for first year. Song a burry warble, more slurred than songs of other buntings; reminiscent of Warbling Vireo but higher-pitched, softer, with notes jumping less in pitch.Range: Breeds from se. New Mexico east to s. Missouri and the Gulf Coast; also along southern Atlantic Coast. May wander farther north. Winters from se. Texas, s. Lousiana, and central Florida to Central America.</text>
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card_4169.xml
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<text>Field Marks: 18 in. Conspicuous, gregarious, and easily identified. A tall shorebird with distinctive foraging technique: Sweeps its distinctively upcurved bill quickly from side to side through water or the surface of soft mud to trap tiny food items. Walks, wades, or swims. Numerous at salt or freshwater lakes and ponds, marshes, and muddy tidal shores. Breeding adult male has broad blackish and white stripes on back and inner half of upper wing; primaries black; belly and tail region white; head, neck, and breast rufous-buff; long, thin gray legs; black bill very long, very fine, distinctly upswept. Female similar, but bill more strikingly upcurved. Winter adults have rufous-buff replaced by pale gray, darkest on hindneck. Juvenile resembles adult, but has rufous-buff hindneck and dingy grayish crown; browner back. Broadcasts loud, repeated "kleek" calls.Range: Breeds locally on California coast, inland to w. Minnesota and Texas. Winters along Pacific Coast from California south, and inland at Salton Sea; on Atlantic Coast, from North Carolina south; and on Gulf Coast. May wander farther north.</text>
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card_25008.xml
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<text>•WARBLERS: Very small to sparrow-sized birds with short, slender bills; usually yellow, olive or blue-gray. Most forage rapidly in foliage; some hawk for insects; a few walk on ground or skulk in vegetation; some bob or flick tail; a few fan tail.•WATERTHRUSHES: Ground-dwelling warblers with short, slender bills. Usually walk or run on ground near water, bobbing tail.•WAXWINGS: Crested birds clad in soft browns and grays, with yellow tips to tail feathers. Travel in flocks and have bounding flight. Feed on berries and at flowers; may hawk for insects.WOODPECKERS: Mainly black and white birds with vertical posture and strong, chisel-like bills. Hitch up tree trunks; drum on wood; have bounding flight.</text>
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<text>•WRENS: Stocky, brown birds with large heads, slightly downcurved bills, and short tails. Often skulk in vegetation; hold tail over back.• Although you do not need to know whether a bird is a songbird to identify the species, it is helpful to be familiar with this term used by birders. A black box in front of a group name indicates that its members are songbirds.</text>
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card_24768.xml
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<text>SWIFTS: Highly aerial sparrow-sized birds with long, narrow, pointed wings and very short bills. Flight erratic; wingbeats rapid. Wings held more stiffly and beat more rapidly than those of the swallows.•TANAGERS: Sparrow or robin-sized birds with stout but not conical bills. Usually forage in trees. Males brightly colored, females olive or yellowish.TERNS: Slender water birds with horizontal posture; bill slim and pointed or stout and spear-shaped; some have bushy crest; wings long, narrow, pointed; tail usually forked. Flight swallowlike; hover over water and dive from air; mob predators.•THRASHERS: Slender birds, mostly with downcurved bills and long tails. Walk or run on ground, scratch noisily in leaves, and skulk in thickets. </text>
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<text>•THRUSHES: Slender billed, brown birds that often forage on ground, flipping over leaves.•TITMICE: Sparrow-sized gray birds with pointed crest, large head, very small bills. Forage rapidly in foliage, and hang upside down from twigs.•TOWHEES: Ground-dwelling birds with short, conical bills and long, usually rounded tails. Skulk and, when disturbed, flush; scratch noisily in leaves.TROPICBIRDS: Mainly white seabirds with stout, spear-shaped bills, long, narrow pointed wings, and very long central tail feathers. Dive for fish from air.•VIREOS: Mainly olive, very small to sparrow-sized birds with short, slender bills. Forage slowly for insects in foliage. Several have white wing bars, eye-rings, or spectacles.</text>
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card_23708.xml
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<text>ground and flush when disturbed; some scratch noisily in leaves.STORM-PETRELS: Blackish or gray sparrow to robin-sized seabirds; tail squared, shallow forked, or wedge-shaped; some have white rump. Flight swallowlike; hover at water surface to feed.•SWALLOWS: Highly aerial sparrow to robin-sized birds with long, narrow, pointed wings and very small bill. Flight graceful, erratic, and buoyant.SWANS: Very large, long-necked white waterfowl with long, gooselike bills. Swim and feed at surface, often tipping up. Fly in formation with slow wingbeats, neck extended.</text>
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<text>SHEARWATERS: Seabirds with long, narrow, pointed wings and short, fan-shaped tails. Flap and coast in stiff-winged flight, often in bunches; swim and feed at surface.SHOREBIRDS: A varied group of birds usually seen on or near water; they have long, narrow, pointed wings; larger species have long necks; bill usually short and slender, but in some downcurved, upcurved, or long and straight. Walk or run, and often wade; a few bob head or tail; fly with rapid wingbeats, often in bunches or formations, with simultaneous banking. A few species live chiefly on land.•SHRIKES: Large-headed, predatory birds with horizontal posture and stout, hooked bill; gray with black mask. Swoop up to perch when landing.•SPARROWS: Brown-streaked birds with short, conical bills. Skulk in vegitation; forage on </text>
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card_25496.xml
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<text>•NUTHATCHES: Stocky, short-necked birds with long, pointed bills and short tails. Scramble up or down trees in search of insects.•ORIOLES: Black and orange or black and yellow birds that forage slowly in trees, sometimes feed at flowers.OWLS: Stocky, mainly nocturnal birds of prey with vertical posture; large, rounded heads, often with ear tufts. Most have camouflage colors. A few hunt during the day.PELICANS: Very large water birds with huge bills. Fly in formations with neck folded; soar, flap, and coast, with slow wingbeats.PIGEONS AND DOVES: Small headed birds with fan-shaped or pointed tails. Walk on ground; fly very fast in beeline, with rapid wingbeats; often fly in bunches, sometimes with simultaneous banking.</text>
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<text>•PIPITS: Sparrow-sized, streaked birds with short, slender bills and white outer tail feathers, usually seen in open country or alpine tundra. Walk or run on ground, flush, and often fly in bunches.RAILS: Brown-streaked marsh birds with small head; bill long and slim or chickenlike; wings short, broad, and rounded; tail very short. Walk, run, or wade; probe in mud; flush from grass and fly with rapid wingbeats.RAPTORS: Hook-billed, predatory birds, often with vertical posture. Head naked in vultures. Most raptors have long, broad, rounded wings, but wings narrow and pointed in falcons and some kites; tail usually fan-shaped or long and rounded.Often soar or flap and coast, some with wings in dihedral.</text>
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card_25268.xml
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<text>KINGFISHERS: Large-headed birds with bushy crests and stout, spear-shaped bills. Perch or hover over water, then dive to capture fish.•KINGLETS: Very small, slender-billed birds; olive-green with a brigh crown patch. Often flick tails; forage rapidly in foliage, hover, and hang upside down.•LARKS: Streaked birds with slender bills and white outer tail feathers. Walk or run on ground, flush when disturbed; have bounding flight, and usually fly in bunches.LONG-LEGGED WADERS: Pigeon-sized to very large wading birds with long necks and long legs. Herons, egrets, and bitterns fly with neck folded over back; others fly with neck extended.•LONGSPURS: Sparrow-sized birds with short, conical bills.Walk on ground; flush when </text>
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<text> disturbed. Fly in bunches, with bounding flight and simultaneous banking.LOONS: Goose-sized or very large water birds with stout, spear-shaped bills and very short tails. Dive from water surface; often swim with body low. Fly in a beeline, with long neck extended.•MAGPIES: Black-and-white birds with stout bills and long, pointed tails. Walk on ground.•MEADOWLARKS: Brown, open-country birds with long, pointed tails. Walk on ground and flush when disturbed.NIGHTJARS: Slender aerial birds, with large heads, that perch in horizontal posture and catch insects at night or dusk. Flight mothlike (true nightjars) or loose-winged and erratic (nighthawks). Clad in "dead-leaf" patterns; flush from ground.</text>
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card_22324.xml
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<text>•GNATCATCHERS: Very small, slender gray birds with long tails and short, slender bills. Forage rapidly, flicking tail, and cocking tail over back.GREBES: Robin to crow-sized diving birds that somewhat resemble ducks; some have face or head plumes; most have slender, spear-shaped bill. Seldom fly; often swim with body low in water and dive from surface.•GROSBEAKS: Sparrow to robin-sized birds with stout, conical bills. Males brightly colored, females brown or greenish.GULLS: Mainly white water birds with stout, very slightly hooked bills, long, narrow, pointed wings, and usually short, fan-shaped tails. Swim and feed at water surface; mob predators; rob food from other birds; larger species soar. </text>
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<text>HUMMINGBIRDS: Very small to sparrow-sized nectar-feeders with very long and needlelike bills. Usually hover at flowers with very rapid wingbeats and fly in a beeline.JAEGERS AND SKUAS: Dark seabirds with bill gull-like but more hooked; wings long, narrow, pointed. Jaegers have long central tail feathers; skuas have short, fan-shaped tails. Flight erratic, but graceful and swallowlike in smaller species; all rob food from other birds.•JAYS: Mainly blue birds with stout bills and rounded tails; some have pointed crests. Flight bounding; mob predators.•JUNCOS: Small birds with short, conical bills and white outer tail feathers. Flush when disturbed. Dark-eyed Junco hops; Yellow-eyed Junco walks.</text>
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card_21080.xml
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<text>CORMORANTS: Dark diving birds with slender, hooked bills. Swim with body low. Stand upright; hold wings open to dry after diving. Fly in a line or a V, with long neck extended, flapping and coasting.•CROWS AND RAVENS: Large black birds with stout bills; tails wedge-shaped in ravens. Walk on ground; often travel in bunches and mob predators; ravens soar.CUCKOOS: Slender, robin-sized birds with slightly downcurved bills and long tails. Skulk in vegitation; fly very fast in beeline.DUCKS: Stocky or slender waterfowl, smaller than geese or swans, with flattened bills. Dabbling ducks feed at surface, often tipping up; bay and sea ducks dive from surface. Most fly in formations, on rapid wingbeats; some fly with necks extended or have erratic flight.</text>
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<text>•FINCHES: Seed-eating birds; usually with red, pink, or yellow; most have short, conical bills, but crossbills have crossed mandibles for extracting seeds from cones. Fly in bunches, with bounding flight.•FLYCATCHERS: Mostly dully colored, very small to robin-sized birds. Most perch upright and dart out after passing insects; many flick tail; hold tail pointed downward. (Strictly speaking not songbirds, but so closely related in behavior, shape and posture, and color and pattern that the group is included as songbirds.)GEESE: Long-necked waterfowl with stout bills. Swim and feed at water surface, often tipping up; usually walk on land. Fly in formation with slow wingbeats and necks extended.</text>
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card_6323.xml
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<text>ALBATROSSES: Very large seabirds with long, narrow, pointed wings. Often soar in stiff-winged flight, with slow wingbeats; swim and feed at surface.ANIS: Black relatives of cuckoos with flattened, parrotlike bills and long, rounded tails. Flap and coast in loose-winged flight.AUKS: Stocky seabirds with large heads and short wings; some have facial plumes; bill variable, and parrotlike in puffins. Posture often vertical. Swim and dive from surface; fly with rapid wingbeats.•BLACKBIRDS: Mainly black, sparrow to pigeon sized birds that walk on ground, fly in bunches, and often mob predators.•BLUEBIRDS: Sparrow-sized thrushes with blue plumage and slender bills. Often perch with tail pointed downward.</text>
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<text>BOOBIES AND GANNETS: Goose-sized to very large seabirds with stout, spear-shaped bills and long, narrow, pointed wings. Fly in beeline with slow wingbeats; dive for fish from air.•BUNTINGS: Brightly or boldly colored birds with short, conical bills; females greenish or brown.•CHICKADEES: Sparrow-sized birds with dark crowns, black throats, and white cheek patches. Forage rapidly in foliage and often hang upside down from twigs.CHICKENLIKE BIRDS: Stocky, ground-dwelling birds with small heads; often with crest, head or neck plumes, or combs; bill chickenlike; wings broad and rounded. Walk or run; flush with rapid wingbeats. The very large Wild Turkey belongs to this group.</text>
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<text>The 62 bird groups described here are informal groups of North American birds whose members clearly resemble one another in behavior, shape and posture, or color and pattern. These groups do not always correspond to families and subfamilies. Not all of these groups are represented in the Eastern United States.</text>
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card_16509.xml
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<text>This stack contains birds that I have Thunderscanned from various sources. It also describes the field marks and general range of the bird. Eastern birds are primarily featured in this stack. This stack is shareware. If you feel this stack is useful please send $5.00 to Richard J. Wald, 1901 S. Goyer Road Apt 51, Kokomo, Indiana 46902. I will send upgrades to registered owners. Note: No companies selling Public Domain software may include this stack on any of their disks without express permission from myself. Thank you. Richard J. Wald. GEnie: R.Wald</text>
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<text>Latin: Aix Sponsa.Field Marks: 18.5 in. A crested cavity-nesting duck of wooded swamps, marshes, and freshwater areas with plenty of cover. Abundant and familiar; often nests in swamps or near rivers in residential areas. Usually seen in pairs or small flocks, but may form larger flocks in winter. Males unmistakable, with boldly marked and neatly striped face pattern of green, white, and purplish; throat and upper breast brown, with bold white line separating breast from buff flanks and belly; back and wings dark brown, glossy-looking; bill mainly red. Females dark above, with paler brown breast, pale gray belly; head grayish-brown with distinctive pale patch around eye. Call of female a piercing "tereeek" or "woo-eek"! Male gives a hissing squeal: "ter-eee".Range: Breeds from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Maritime Provinces south to s. California, Texas, Gulf Coast, and Florida; absent from most interior West. Winters north to coastal British Columbia, Colorado, s. Iowa, Ohio Valley, and s. New England.</text>
